PARIS — Yvan Colonna, a Corsican activist who was convicted and sentenced to life in jail for the homicide of a prime French official, and who turned a logo of Corsica’s nationalist motion and of the Mediterranean island’s ambivalent relations with mainland France, died on Monday in a hospital in Marseille. He was 61.
His attorneys confirmed his demise in a statement.
Mr. Colonna died three weeks after being strangled and suffocated by one other inmate in a jail on the French mainland, the place he was serving a life sentence for the 1998 homicide of Claude Érignac, a government-appointed prefect in Corsica.
The jail assault had left Mr. Colonna in a coma, infuriating many in Corsica and sparking violent protests. Corsica is nearer to Italy than France in language, tradition and geography, and it’s house to a nationalist motion that has principally renounced violence however stays deeply rooted on the island.
“His demise is an injustice and a tragedy that can mark Corsica’s modern historical past and its individuals,” Gilles Simeoni, Mr. Colonna’s former lawyer and the pinnacle of the chief council that oversees Corsica, mentioned in a statement on Tuesday.
Mr. Colonna, who had at all times claimed his innocence in Mr. Érignac’s homicide, was first sought by the French police in 1999, after investigators arrested a gaggle of males suspected of involvement within the killing. A number of of them recognized Mr. Colonna because the gunman, though they’d later retract their statements, accusing the police of getting pressured them.
He evaded seize and went on the run. An intense manhunt that stretched so far as Venezuela ended 4 years later at a cramped farmhouse in southern Corsica, the place the police lastly discovered Mr. Colonna — known as “the shepherd of Cargèse,” the identify of his household’s hometown, within the French press.
These years spent hiding among the many island’s mountains and scrubland turned Mr. Colonna right into a storied determine in Corsica — a residing embodiment of the island’s rugged, rural roots and of its cussed defiance of the French state.
“He turned a form of delusion for the nationalist motion,” mentioned Thierry Dominici, a Corsica knowledgeable on the College of Bordeaux. That standing grew together with his arrest and his claims of innocence.
Mr. Colonna was discovered responsible of Mr. Érignac’s homicide and sentenced to life in 2007 by a court docket in Paris. The conviction was upheld on enchantment in 2009. That second conviction was later overturned on procedural grounds, however he was as soon as once more sentenced to life at a ultimate trial in 2011.
A majority of Corsicans had been shocked when Mr. Érignac, who acted because the French state consultant on the island, was shot at the back of the pinnacle whereas strolling to a theater in Ajaccio, Corsica’s largest metropolis. Hundreds marched in protest after the homicide, which continues to be thought of the gravest act of anti-state violence in a decades-long battle on the island that has seen lots of of bombings, shootings and arrests, principally after the Nineteen Seventies.
However many in Corsica additionally felt that the state was unfairly treating Mr. Colonna, and the opposite prisoners convicted within the case, by conserving them jailed on the mainland and refusing to switch them to the island, the place they’d be nearer to their households.
The assault on Mr. Colonna, who was purportedly beneath shut surveillance in a jail close to the southern French metropolis of Arles, compounded that criticism, though the federal government then rapidly took steps to switch him and different prisoners to the island.
On March 2, he was viciously attacked by one other inmate, a recognized Islamist extremist who had been convicted on terrorism fees and had a historical past of violent acts in jail. The inmate, recognized by French authorities as Franck Elong Abé, 35, beat, strangled and suffocated Mr. Colonna within the jail gymnasium.
Mr. Elong Abé later instructed investigators that he had heard Mr. Colonna make “blasphemous” feedback. Prosecutors have opened an investigation. However it’s nonetheless unclear how the assault was in a position to final almost 10 minutes with none intervention from jail guards.
Preliminary reactions in Corsica to Mr. Colonna’s demise had been calm, with small funeral processions and gatherings across the island.
However after scrambling to quell the protests this month by floating the potential of Corsican “autonomy” — a difficult matter in extremely centralized France — the federal government is bracing for added demonstrations and hoping to include a brand new outburst of nationalist violence simply weeks earlier than France’s presidential election. One of many important nationalist teams, the Nationwide Entrance for the Liberation of Corsica, laid down arms in 2014 however issued new threats final week after Mr. Colonna was assaulted.
On Tuesday, President Emmanuel Macron appealed for “calm and duty.”
“There might be penalties, as a result of we can’t let such acts be dedicated in our prisons,” he instructed France Bleu radio. The federal government has ordered an inside investigation to determine any failings on the a part of the jail administration.
Mr. Dominici mentioned that Mr. Colonna remained a potent image for Corsica’s politicized youth, who grew up after the battle had calmed down however are nonetheless angered by points like unaffordable housing on the island — a preferred vacation spot for French individuals from the mainland — and who really feel that the nationalists now in workplace have achieved little to reply requires extra independence.
“A spark was all that was required to ship them into the streets, and that spark was the assault on Yvan Colonna,” Mr. Dominici mentioned.
Yvan Colonna was born on April 7, 1960, in Ajaccio to Jean-Hugues Colonna, a bodily schooling instructor who later turned a Socialist lawmaker, and Cécile Riou, who was additionally a bodily schooling instructor.
His household moved to Good, on the French Riviera, when he was a youngster, however he moved again to Corsica in 1981 after finishing highschool and army service. He settled in Cargèse, the place he raised sheep and have become an energetic member of a few of Corsica’s extra hardened militant circles.
In 1997, after a police station in southern Corsica was bombed and a number of other officers had been briefly taken hostage, prosecutors accused Mr. Colonna of performing as a lookout within the assault and charged him with participating in a terrorist conspiracy.
He was convicted in absentia in 2001 for his position in that case. The bullets utilized in Mr. Érignac’s killing had been traced again to weapons that had been stolen from officers in 1997 in the course of the assault on the police station.
Mr. Colonna is survived by his spouse, Stéphanie, and their son, in addition to a son from a earlier relationship.